Stress is any psycho-emotional tension experienced by nursing professionals during the coronavirus pandemic, therefore, the objective of the investigation is to determine the level of stress in nursing professionals in a hospital center during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 127 nursing professionals, who completed a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the nursing stress scale. In their results, 12.6% (n=16) of nurses have high stress, 40.9% (n=52) medium stress and 46.5% (n=59) low stress. In conclusion, programs aimed at mental health, training in resilient skills and coping strategies for stress must be created.

Informal work represents a significant part of the economy in many regions, and in Colombia, particularly in the town of Ciudad Bolívar in Bogotá, this type of employment is a predominant reality among young people between 18 and 30 years old. The research presented analyzes the factors that influence the choice of informal work in this demographic group during the year 2024. This analysis is essential to understand and address the conditions that perpetuate labor informality in low socioeconomic contexts.

The high prevalence of informal work among youth in Ciudad Bolívar reflects not only the lack of formal job opportunities, but also a series of interrelated factors ranging from educational level and vocational training to access to financial resources and government support. The decision to work informally is not based solely on the lack of formal employment, but also on the limitations and barriers that make the transition to regulated and secure jobs difficult. Understanding these factors is essential to design public policies and intervention strategies that promote the formalization of employment and improve the living conditions of these young people.

This study provides a precise understanding of the factors that lead young people in Ciudad Bolívar to prefer informal work. The findings highlight the need for interventions that address educational, socioeconomic, and government support barriers to foster the transition to formal employment. Ultimately, the article offers a solid basis for the development of policies that promote the formalization of employment and improve the living conditions of young people in vulnerable contexts.

Background: Universal Health Insurance is a governmental tool for financial risk management in healthcare systems, presented as an alternative to mitigate individual economic impact, guarantee access to health, and efficiently distribute public expenditure resources. It is based on a revenue model, either public and/or private, to achieve health coverage that distributes financial risk among all insured members, and may even encompass those outside the system. The aim of this work is to conduct a systematic and comparative analysis, considering the experiences of different countries that have adopted Universal Health Insurance or similar systems, in contrast to the characteristics of Argentina, to determine potential challenges and proposals that may arise in the hypothetical case of implementing such a mechanism in the country. Material and methods: A systematic, ubiquitous, atemporal, and/or diachronic review of publications on obstacles, proposals, and outcomes related to public policies on universal health insurance or similar initiatives was conducted. This review comprehend different countries and aimed to compare potential coincidences, differences, and intermediate points with organizational factors in Argentina. Results: 60 studies were included from 25 countries, where key factors in the implementation of Universal Health Insurance were identified: Willingness to Pay (WTP); Informal and unemployed workers; Social, ethical, and political considerations; Segmentation; Tools on demand; Supervision of health centers and insurance companies; Designs and structures; Other considerations. Conclusion: By considering the experiences of other countries with similar socioeconomic characteristics, it is possible to develop proposals and design a model of Universal Health Insurance in Argentina that ensures quality, equity, reduces individual risk, and contributes to financially sustainable support over time.